Publications

Full papers

1.      R. H. Clarke and H. A. Frank.  Triplet state radiationless transitions in polycyclic hydrocarbons.  J. Chem. Phys., 65 (1976) 39-47.

2.      R. H. Clarke, R. E. Connors, and H. A. Frank.  Investigations of the structure of the reaction center in photosynthetic bacteria by optical detection of triplet state magnetic resonance.  Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm.71(1976) 671-675.

3.      R. H. Clarke, R. E. Connors, H. A. Frank, and J. C. Hoch.  Investigations of the structure of the reaction center in photosynthetic systems by optical detection of triplet state magnetic resonance.  Chem. Phys. Lett., 45 (1977) 523-528.

4.      R. H. Clarke and H. A. Frank.  An investigation into the effect of metal substitution on the triplet state of chlorophyll by optically detected zero-field magnetic resonance.  Chem. Phys. Lett., 51 (1977) 13-17.

5.      H. A. Frank, R. Friesner, J. A. Nairn, G. C. Dismukes, and K. Sauer.  The orientation of the primary donor in bacterial photosynthesis.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 547 (1979) 484-501.

6.      H. A. Frank, J. Bolt, R. Friesner, and K. Sauer.  Magnetophotoselection of the triplet state of reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides R-26.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 547 (1979) 502-511.

7.      H. A. Frank, M. B. McLean, and K. Sauer.  Triplet states in photosystem I of spinach chloroplasts and subchloroplast particles.  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 76 (1979) 5124-5128.

8.      H. A. Frank, J. D. Bolt, S. M. De B. Costa, and K. Sauer.  Electron paramagnetic resonance detection of carotenoid triplet states.  J. Am. Chem. Soc., 102 (1980) 4893-4898.

9.      J. A. Nairn, R. Friesner, H. A. Frank, and K. Sauer.  A new approach to the theory of linear dichroism in partially ordered systems: Application to reaction centers and whole cells of photosynthetic bacteria.  Biophys. J., 32 (1980) 733-754.

10.    J. McCracken, H. A. Frank, and K. Sauer.  Radical pair interactions in spinach chloroplasts.  Biochim. Biophys.  Acta, 679 (1982) 156-168.

11.    T. Trosper, H. A. Frank, M. Thurnauer, and J. Norris.  Magnetophotoselection studies on Rhodopseudomonas viridis reaction centers.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 679 (1982) 44-50.

12.    R. H. Clarke, L. J. Andrews, and H. A. Frank.  Electron paramagnetic resonance of luminescent glasses containing chromium(III).  Chem. Phys. Lett., 85 (1982) 161-165.

13.    H. A. Frank, J. Machnicki, and M. Felber.  Carotenoid triplet states in photosynthetic bacteria.  Photochem. Photobiol., 35 (1982) 713-718.

14.    H. A. Frank, W. J. McGann, J. Machnicki, and M. Felber.  Magnetic field effects on the fluorescence of two reaction centerless mutants of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata.  Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 106 (1982) 1310-1317.

15.    H. A. Frank, J. Machnicki, and R. Friesner.  Energy transfer between the primary donor bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoids in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.  Photochem. Photobiol., 38 (1983) 451-456.

16.    W. J. McGann and H. A. Frank.  Magnetic field effects on the fluorescence of mutant strains of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 725 (1983) 178-189.

17.    H. Toriumi, R. A. Weiss, and H. A. Frank.  Electron spin resonance studies of ionic interactions in sulfonated polystyrene: manganese (II) salts.  Macromolecules, 17 (1984) 2104-2107.

18.    H. A. Frank, J. Machnicki, and P. Toppo.  The orientation of the principle magnetic axes of the carotenoid in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides wild type.  Photochem. Photobiol., 39 (1984) 429-432.

19.    G. C. Dismukes, H. A. Frank, R. Friesner, and K. Sauer.  Electronic interactions between iron and the bound semiquinones in bacterial photosynthesis: Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of oriented cells of Rhodopseudomonas viridis.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 764 (1984) 253-271.

20.    W. J. McGann and H. A. Frank.  Magnetophotoselection of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides wild type reaction centers.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 807 (1985) 101-109.

21.    W. J. McGann and H. A. Frank.  Transient electron spin resonance spectroscopy of the carotenoid triplet state in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides wild type.  Chem. Phys Lett., 121 (1985) 253-261.

22.    R. A. Weiss, J. J. Fitzgerald, H. A. Frank, and B. W. Chadwick.  Electron spin resonance evidence for specific solvation effects in ionomer solutions. Macromolecules, 19 (1986) 2085-2087.

23.    H. A. Frank, B. W. Chadwick, S. Taremi, S. Kolaczkowski, and M. Bowman.  Singlet and triplet absorption spectra of carotenoids bound in the reaction centers of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides R-26.  FEBS Lett., 203 (1986) 157-163.

24.    B. W. Chadwick and H. A. Frank.  Electron-spin resonance studies of carotenoids incorporated into reaction centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26.1.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 851 (1986) 257-266.

25.    H. A. Frank, B. W. Chadwick, J. J. Oh, D. Gust, T. A. Moore, P. A. Liddell, A. L. Moore, L. R. Makings, and R. J. Cogdell.  Triplet-triplet energy transfer in B800-850 light-harvesting complexes of photosynthetic bacteria and synthetic carotenoporphyrin molecules investigated by electron spin resonance.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 892 (1987) 253-263.

26.    D. F. Bocian, N. J. Bolt, B. W. Chadwick, and H. A. Frank.  Near-infrared-excitation resonance Raman spectra of bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers.  FEBS Lett., 214 (1987) 92-96.

27.    B. W. Chadwick, C. Zhang, R. J. Cogdell, and H. A. Frank.  The effects of lithium dodecyl sulfate and sodium borohydride on the absorption spectrum of the B800-850 light harvesting complex from Rhodopseudomonas acidophila 7750. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 893 (1987) 444-457.

28.    H. A. Frank, S. S. Taremi, and J. R. Knox.  Crystallization and preliminary X-ray and optical spectroscopic characterization of the photochemical reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides strain 2.4.1.  J. Mol. Biol., 198 (1987) 139-141.

29.    R. J. Cogdell and H. A. Frank.  How carotenoids function in photosynthetic bacteria.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 895 (1987) 63-79.

30.    B. Robert and H. A. Frank.  A resonance Raman investigation of the effect of lithium dodecyl sulfate on the B800-850 light-harvesting protein of Rhodopseudomonas acidophila 7750.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 934 (1988) 401-405.

31.    R. J. Donohoe, H. A. Frank, and D. F. Bocian.  Resonance Raman spectra and normal mode descriptions of a bacteriochlorophyll a model complex.  Photochem. Photobiol., 48 (1988) 531-538.

32.    D. E. Budil, S. S. Taremi, P. Gast, J. R. Norris, and H. A. Frank.  Single crystal electron spin resonance studies of the photochemical reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides wild type strain 2.4.1.  Is. J. Chem., 28 (1988) 59-66.

33.    H. A. Frank, …. Hansson, and P. Mathis.  Electron paramagnetic resonance and optical changes of the photosystem II reaction center complex produced by low temperature illumination.  Photosynth. Res., 20 (1989) 279-289.

34.    S. S. Taremi, C. A. Violette, and H. A. Frank.  Transient optical spectroscopy of single crystals of the reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides wild type 2.4.1. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 973 (1989) 86-92.

35.    H. A. Frank, C. A. Violette, S. S. Taremi, and D. Budil.  Linear dichroism of single crystals of the reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides wild type strain 2.4.1. Photosynth. Res., 21 (1989) 107-116.

36.    H. A. Frank and C. A. Violette.  Monomeric bacteriochlorophyll is required for triplet energy transfer between the primary donor and the carotenoid in photosynthetic bacterial reaction centers.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 976 (1989) 222-232.

37.    J. Biggins, N. A. Tanguay, and H. A. Frank.  Electron transfer reactions in Photosystem I following Vitamin K1 depletion by ultra-violet irradiation.  FEBS Lett., 250 (1989) 271-274.

38.    H. A. Frank.  Potassium borohydride removes the monomeric bacteriochlorophyll and the carotenoid from reaction centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides wild type strain 2.4.1.  Trends in Photochem. Photobiol., 1 (1990) 1-4.

39.    J. K. Trautman, A. P. Shreve, C. A. Violette, H. A. Frank, T. G. Owens, and A. C. Albrecht.  Femtosecond dynamics of energy transfer in B800-850 light-harvesting complexes of Rhodobacter sphaeroides.  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 87 (1990) 215-219.

40.    J. M. Peloquin, C. A. Violette, H. A. Frank, and D. F. Bocian.  Temperature dependent conformational changes in the bacteriopheophytins of Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centers.  Biochemistry, 29 (1990) 4892-4898.

41.    H. A. Frank, M. L. Aldema, P. H. Parot, and R. J. Cogdell.  Absorption and linear dichroism at room and low temperatures of single crystals of the B800-850 light-harvesting complex from Rhodopseudomonas acidophila strain 10050.  Photosynth. Res., 26 (1990) 93-99.

42.    R. J. Donohoe, R. B. Dyer, B. I. Swanson, C. A. Violette, H. A. Frank, and D. F. Bocian.  Near-infrared-excitation resonance Raman spectra of the primary electron donor in photosynthetic reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides.  J. Am. Chem. Soc., 112 (1990) 6716-6718.

43.    V. Aust, A. Angerhofer, P. H. Parot, C. A. Violette, and H. A. Frank.  Temperature dependent ADMR on borohydride-treated reaction centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26 from Rhodobacter sphaeroides.  Chem. Phys. Lett., 173 (1990) 439-442.

44.    H. A. Frank, M. L. Aldema, C. A. Violette, and P. H. Parot.  Low temperature polarized absorption microspectroscopy of single crystals of the reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides wild type strain 2.4.1. Photochem. Photobiol. 54 (1991) 151-155.

45.    A. P. Shreve, J. K. Trautman, H. A. Frank, T. G. Owens, and A. C. Albrecht.  Femtosecond energy transfer processes in the B800-850 light-harvesting complex of Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1058 (1991) 280-288.

46.    B. DeCoster, R. L. Christensen, R. Gebhard, J. Lugtenburg, R. Farhoosh, and H. A. Frank.  Low lying electronic states of carotenoids.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1102 (1992) 107-114.

47.    V. Palaniappan, M. L. Aldema, H. A. Frank and D. F. Bocian.  QY-Excitation resonance Raman scattering from the special pair in Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centers.  Implications for primary charge separation.  Biochemistry 31 (1992) 11050-11058.

48.    H. J. M. de Groot, R. Gebhard, I. van der Hoef, A. J. Hoff, J. Lugtenburg, C. A. Violette and H. A. Frank.  13C magic angle spinning NMR evidence for a 15-15'-cis configuration of the spheroidene in the Rhodobacter sphaeroides photosynthetic bacterial reaction center.  Biochemistry 31 (1992) 12446-12450.

49.    H. A. Frank, R. Farhoosh, M. L. Aldema, B. DeCoster, R. L. Christensen, R. Gebhard and J. Lugtenburg.  Carotenoid-to-bacteriochlorophyll singlet energy transfer in carotenoid-incorporated B850 light-harvesting complexes of Rb. sphaeroides R-26.1.  Photochem. Photobiol. 57 (1993) 49-55.

50.    H. A. Frank, R. Farhoosh, R. Gebhard, J. Lugtenburg, D. Gosztola and M. R. Wasielewski.  The dynamics of the S1 excited states of carotenoids.  Chem. Phys. Lett. 207 (1993) 88-92.

51.    H. A. Frank, V. Chynwat, G. Hartwich, M. Meyer, I. Katheder and H. Scheer.  Carotenoid triplet state formation in Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26 reaction centers exchanged with modified-bacteriochlorophyll pigments and reconstituted with spheroidene.  Photosynth. Res. 37 (1993) 193-203.

52.    R. E. Connors, D. S. Burns, R. Farhoosh and H. A. Frank.  Computational studies of the molecular structure and electronic spectroscopy of carotenoids.  J. Chem. Phys. 97 (1993) 9351-9355.

53.    H. A. Frank, J. Innes, M. Aldema, R. Neumann and Craig Schenck.  Triplet state EPR of reaction centers from the HisL173 ¨ LeuL173 mutant of Rhodobacter sphaeroides which contains a heterodimer primary donor.  Photosynth. Res. 38 (1993) 99-109.

54.    V. Palaniappan, P. C. Martin, V. Chynwat, H. A. Frank and D. F. Bocian.  Comprehensive resonance Raman study of photosynthetic reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides.  Implications for pigment structure and pigment-protein interactions.  J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 12035-12049.

55.    P. Kok, J. Kšhler, E. J. J. Groenen, R. Gebhard, I. van der Hoef, J. Lugtenburg, A. J. Hoff, R. Farhoosh and H. A. Frank.  Towards a vibrational analysis of spheroidene.  Resonance Raman spectroscopy of 13C-labelled spheroidenes in petroleum ether and in the Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centre.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1185 (1994) 188-192.

56.    H. A. Frank, A. Cua, V. Chynwat, A. Young, D. Gosztola and M. Wasielewski.  Photophysics of the carotenoids associated with the xanthophyll cycle in photosynthesis.  Photosynth. Res. 41 (1994) 389-395.

57.    R. Farhoosh, V. Chynwat, R. Gebhard, J. Lugtenburg and H. A. Frank.  Triplet energy transfer between bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoids in B850 light-harvesting complexes of Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26.1.  Photosynth. Res. 42 (1994) 157-166.

58.    V. Chynwat and H. A. Frank.  The application of the energy gap law to the S₁ energies and dynamics of carotenoids.  Chem. Phys. 194 (1995) 237-244

59.    A-E. F. Nassar, Z. Zhang, V. Chynwat, H. A. Frank and J. F. Rusling.  Orientation of myoglobin in cast multibilayer membranes of amphiphilic molecules.  J. Phys. Chem. 99 (1995) 11013-11017.

60.    H. A. Frank, V. Chynwat, A. Posteraro, G. Hartwich, I. Simonin and H. Scheer.  Triplet state energy transfer between the primary donor and the carotenoid in Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26.1 reaction centers exchanged with modified bacteriochlorophyll pigments and reconstituted with spheroidene.  Photochem. Photobiol. 64 (1996) 823-831.

61.    H. A. Frank, A. Cua, V. Chynwat, A. Young, D. Gostzola and M. R. Wasielewski.  The lifetimes and energies of the first excited singlet states of diadinoxanthin and diatoxanthin:  The role of these molecules in excess energy dissipation in algae.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1277 (1996) 243-252.

62.    S. M. Rodday, L. T. Do, V. Chynwat, H. A. Frank, and J. Biggins.  Site-directed mutagenesis of the subunit PsaC establishes a surface-exposed domain interacting with the Photosystem I core binding site.  Biochemistry 35 (1996) 11832-11838.

63.    P. Kok, J. Kšhler, E. J. J. Groenen, R. Gebhard, I. van der Hoef, J. Lugtenburg, R. Farhoosh and H. A. Frank.  Resonance Raman spectroscopy of ²H-labelled spheroidenes in petroleum ether and in the Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centre.  Spectr. Chim. Acta A. Biomolecular Spectroscopy 53 (1997) 381-392.

64.    H. A. Frank, R. Z. B. Desamero, V. Chynwat, R. Gebhard, I. van der Hoef, F. J. Jansen, J. Lugtenburg, D. Gosztola and M. R. Wasielewski.  The spectroscopic properties of spheroidene analogs having different extents of p-electron conjugation.  J. Phys. Chem. 101 (1997) 149-157.

65.    K. Czarnecki, J. R. Diers, V. Chynwat, J. P. Erickson, H. A. Frank, and D. F. Bocian.  Characterization of the strongly coupled, low-frequency vibrational modes of the special pair of photosynthetic reaction centers via isotopic labeling of the cofactors.  J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119 (1997) 415-426.

66.    K. Czarnecki, V. Chynwat, J. P. Erickson, H. A. Frank, and D. F. Bocian.  Identification of the magnesium-histidine stretching vibration of the bacteriochlorophyll cofactors in photosynthetic reaction centers via ¹⁵N-labeling of the histidines.  J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119 (1997) 2594-2595.

67.    R. Farhoosh, V. Chynwat, R. Gebhard, J. Lugtenburg and H. A. Frank.  Triplet energy transfer between the primary donor and carotenoids in Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26.1 reaction centers incorporated with spheroidene analogs having different extents of p-electron conjugation.  Photochem. Photobiol. 66 (1997) 97-104.

68.    J. A. Bautista, V. Chynwat, A. Cua, F. J. Jansen, J. Lugtenburg, D. Gosztola, M. R. Wasielewski and H. A. Frank.  The spectroscopic and photochemical properties of locked-15,15Õ-cis-spheroidene in solution and incorporated into the reaction center of Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26.1.  Photosyn. Res. 55 (1998) 49-65.

69.    P. D. Laible, V. Chynwat, M. C. Thurnauer, M. Schiffer, D. K. Hanson and H. A. Frank.  Protein modifications affecting triplet energy transfer in bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers.  Biophys. J. 74 (1998) 2623-2637.

70.    R. Z. B. Desamero, V. Chynwat, I. van der Hoef, F. J. Jansen, J. Lugtenburg, D. Gosztola, M. R. Wasielewski, A. Cua, D. F. Bocian and H. A. Frank.  The mechanism of energy transfer from carotenoids to bacteriochlorophyll:  Light-harvesting by carotenoids having different extents of p-electron conjugation incorporated into the B850 antenna complex from the carotenoidless bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26.1.  J. Phys. Chem. 102 (1998) 8151-8162.

71.    J. Kong, Z. Lu, R. Z. B. Desamero, H. A. Frank and J. Rusling. Direct electrochemistry of cofactor redox sites in a bacterial photosynthetic reaction center protein.  J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120 (1998) 7371-7372.

72.    K. V. Lakshmi, S. S. Eaton, G. R. Eaton, H. A. Frank and G. W. Brudvig.  Analysis of dipolar and exchange interactions between manganese and tyrosine Z in the S₂ Y_z^á state of acetate-inhibited Photosystem II via EPR spectral simulations at X- and Q-bands.  J. Phys. Chem. 102 (1999) 8327-8335.

73.    J. A. Bautista, R. G. Hiller, F. P. Sharples, D. Gosztola, M. Wasielewski and H. A. Frank.  Singlet and triplet energy transfer in the peridinin-chlorophyll a-protein from Amphidinium carterae.  J. Phys. Chem. A 103 (1999) 2267-2273.

74.    J. A. Bautista, R. E. Connors, B. B. Raju, R. G. Hiller, F. P. Sharples, D. Gosztola, M. R. Wasielewski and H. A. Frank. Excited state properties of peridinin:  Observation of a solvent dependence of the S₁ lifetime and spectral behavior unique among carotenoids.  J. Phys. Chem. B 103 (1999) 8751-8758.

75.    H. A. Frank, J. A. Bautista, J. S. Josue and A. J. Young.  Mechanism of nonphotochemical quenching in green plants:  Energies of the lowest excited singlet states of violaxanthin and zeaxanthin.  Biochemistry  39 (2000) 2831-2837.

76.    H. A. Frank, J. A. Bautista, J. Josue, Z. Pendon, R. G. Hiller, F. P. Sharples, D. Gosztola, and M. R. Wasielewski.  Effect of solvent environment on the spectroscopic properties and dynamics of the lowest excited states of carotenoids.  J. Phys. Chem. B 104 (2000) 4569-4577.

77.    T. Pol’vka D. Zigmantas, J. L. Herek, J. A. Bautista, H. A. Frank,, V. Sundstršm. Direct observation of the S1 level of the carotenoid spheroidene using near infrared femtosecond spectroscopy. In: Ultrafast Phenomena XII (eds. T. Elseasser, S. Mukamel, M. M. Murname, N. F. Scheerer), p. 668, Springer Verlag (2000).

78.    H. A. Frank, Somes Kumar Das, J. A. Bautista, D. Bruce, S. Vasil'ev, M. Crimi, R. Croce and R. Bassi.  The photochemical behavior of xanthophylls in the recombinant photosystem II antenna complex, CP26.  Biochemistry 40 (2001) 1220-1225.

79.    T. Pol’vka, D. Zigmantas, H. A. Frank, J. A. Bautista, J. L. Herek, Y. Koyama, R. Fujii and V. Sundstršm. Near-infrared time-resolved study of the S₁ state dynamics of the carotenoid spheroidene.  J. Phys. Chem. B 105 (2001) 1072-1080.

80.    Z. Gao, H. A. Frank, Y. M. Lvov and J. F. Rusling.  Influence of bromide on electrochemistry of photosynthetic reaction center films on gold electrodes.  Bioelectrochemistry 54 (2001) 97 - 100.

81.    P. M. Dolan, D. Miller, R. J. Cogdell, R. R. Birge and H. A. Frank.  Linear dichroism and the transition dipole moment orientation of the carotenoid in the LH2 antenna complex in membranes of Rhodopseudomonas acidophila strain 10050.  J. Phys. Chem. B 105 (2001) 12134-12142.

82.    B. Munge, Z. Pendon, H. A. Frank and J. F. Rusling.  Electrochemical reactions of redox cofactors in Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction center proteins in lipid films.  Bioelectrochemistry 54 (2001) 145-150.

83.    C. Cai, B. Liu, M. V. Mirkin, H. A. Frank and J. F. Rusling.  Scanning electrochemical microscopy of living cells. 3.  Rhodobacter sphaeroides.  Analytical Chemistry 74 (2002) 114-119.

84.    H. A. Frank, J. S. Josue, J. A. Bautista, I. van der Hoef, F. J. Jansen, J. Lugtenburg, G. Wiederrecht, and R. L. Christensen. .Spectroscopic and photochemical properties of open-chain carotenoids.  J. Phys. Chem. B 106 (2002) 2083-2092.

85.    J. S. Josue and H. A. Frank.  Direct determination of the S₁ excited state energies of xanthophylls by low temperature fluorescence spectroscopy.  J. Phys. Chem. A 106 (2002) 4815-4824.

86.    T. Pol’vka, D. Zigmantas, J. L. Herek, Z. He, T. Pullerits, R. J. Cogdell, H. A. Frank and V. Sundstršm.  The carotenoid S₁ state in LH2 complexes from purple bacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Rhodopseudomonas acidophila: S₁ energies, dynamics, and carotenoid radical formation.  J. Phys. Chem. B 106 (2002) 11016-11025.

87.    S. K. Das and H. A. Frank.  Pigment compositions, spectral properties, and energy transfer efficiencies between the xanthophylls and chlorophylls in the major and minor pigment-protein complexes of Photosystem II.  Biochemistry 41 (2002) 13087-13095.

88.    A. M. Dokter, M. C. van Hemert, C. M. InÕt Velt, K. van der Hoef, J. Lugtenburg, H. A. Frank and E. J. J. Groenen.  The resonance Raman spectrum of all-trans spheroidene. DFT analysis and isotope labeling. J. Phys. Chem. A 106 (2002) 9463-9469.

89.    R. Zeng, J. van Tol, A. Deal, H. A. Frank and D. E. Budil.  Temperature dependence of the primary donor triplet state g-tensor in photosynthetic reaction centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26 observed by transient 240 GHz EPR. J. Phys. Chem. B 107 (2003) 4624-4631.

90.    E. Papagiannakis,  S. K. Das,  A. Gall,  I. H. M.  van  Stokkum, B. Robert, R. van Grondelle, H. A. Frank, J. T. M. Kennis.  Light harvesting by carotenoids incorporated into the B850 light-harvesting complex from Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26.1: Excited-state relaxation, ultrafast triplet formation and energy transfer to bacteriochlorophyll.  J. Phys. Chem. B 107 (2003) 5642-5649.

91.    S. Shima, R. P. Ilagan, N. Gillespie, B. J. Sommer, R. G. Hiller, F. P. Sharples, H. A. Frank, and R. R. Birge. Two-photon and fluorescence spectroscopy and the effect of environment on the photochemical properties of peridinin in solution and in the peridinin-chlorophyll-protein from Amphidinium carterae. J. Phys. Chem. A 107 (2003) 8052-8066.

92.    C. BrŸckner, J. R. McCarthy, H. W. Daniell, Z. D. Pendon, R. P. Ilagan, T. M. Francis, L. Ren, R. R. Birge and H. A. Frank.  A spectroscopic and computational study of the singlet and triplet excited states of synthetic b-functionalized chlorins.  Chem. Phys. 294 (2003) 285–303.

93.    B. Munge, S. K. Das, R. Ilagan, Z. Pendon, J. Yang, H. A. Frank, and J. F. Rusling.  Electron Transfer Reactions of Redox Cofactors in Spinach Photosystem I Reaction Center Protein in Lipid Films on Electrodes.  J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 (2003) 12457-12463.

94.    R. P. Ilagan, S. Shima, A. Melkozernov, S. Lin, R. E. Blankenship, F. P. Sharples, R. G. Hiller, R. R. Birge, and H. A. Frank. Spectroscopic properties of the main-form and high-salt peridinin-chlorophyll a-proteins from Amphidinium carterae.  Biochemistry 43 (2004) 1478-1487.

95.    A. W. Roszak, K. McKendrick, A. T. Gardiner, I. A. Mitchell N. W. Isaacs, R. J. Cogdell, H. Hashimoto and H. A. Frank.  Protein regulation of carotenoid binding: Gatekeeper and locking amino acid residues in reaction centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides.  Structure 12 (2004) 765-773.

96.    D. Zigmantas, R. G. Hiller, F. P. Sharples, H. A. Frank, V. Sundstršm and T. Pol’vka.  Effect of conjugated carbonyl group on photophysical properties of carotenoids.  Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 6 (2004) 3009-3016.

97.    A. Haddy, K. V. Lakshmi, G. W. Brudvig and H. A. Frank.  Q-band EPR of the S2 state of Photosystem II confirms an S = 5/2 origin of the X-band g = 4.1 signal.  Biophys. J. 87 (2004) 2885-2896.

98.    T. Pol’vka, T. Pullerits, H. A. Frank, R. J. Cogdell and V. Sundstršm.  Ultrafast formation of a carotenoid radical in LH2 antenna complexes of purple bacteria.  J. Phys. Chem. B 108 (2004) 15398-15407.

99.    R. P. Ilagan, R. L. Christensen, T. W. Chapp, G. N. Gibson, T. Pascher, T. Pol’vka and H. A. Frank.  Femtosecond time-resolved absorption spectroscopy of astaxanthin in solution and in a-crustacyanin.  J. Phys. Chem. A 109 (2005) 3120-3127.

100.  Z. D. Pendon, J. O. Sullivan, I. van der Hoef, J. Lugtenburg, A. Cua, D. F. Bocian, R. R. Birge and H. A. Frank.  Stereoisomers of carotenoids:  Spectroscopic properties of locked and unlocked cis-isomers of spheroidene. Photosyn. Res. 86 (2005) 5-24.

101.  N. Frigaard, H. Li, P. Martinsson, S. K. Das, H. A. Frank, T. J. Aartsma and D. A Bryant.  Isolation and characterization of carotenosomes from a bacteriochlorophyll c-less mutant of Chlorobium tepidum.  Photosyn. Res. 86 (2005) 101-111.

102.  Z. D. Pendon, G. N. Gibson, I. van der Hoef, J. Lugtenburg, and H. A. Frank.  Effect of isomer geometry on the steady-state absorption spectra and femtosecond time-resolved dynamics of carotenoids. J. Phys. Chem. B 109 (2005) 21172-21179.

103.  D. Niedzwiedzki, J. F. Rusling and H. A. Frank.  Voltammetric redox potentials of carotenoids associated with the xanthophyll cycle in photosynthesis.  Chem. Phys. Lett. 415 (2005) 308-312.

104.  K. Czarnecki, L. Chen, J. R. Diers, H. A. Frank and D. F. Bocian. Low-frequency resonance Raman studies of the H(M202)G cavity mutant of bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers. Photosyn. Res. 88 (2006) 31-41.

105.  Z. D. Pendon, I. van der Hoef, J. Lugtenburg and H. A. Frank.  Triplet state spectra and dynamics of geometric isomers of carotenoids.  Photosyn. Res. 88 (2006) 51-61.

106.  S. Lin, E. Katilius, R. P. Ilagan, G. N. Gibson, H. A. Frank and N. W. Woodbury.  Mechanism of carotenoid singlet excited state energy transfer in modified bacterial reaction centers.  J. Phys. Chem. B 110 (2006) 15556-15563.

107.  D. M. Niedzwiedzki, J. O. Sullivan, T. Pol’vka, R. R. Birge and H. A. Frank.  Femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy of xanthophylls. J. Phys. Chem. B 110 (2006) 22872-22885.

108.  R. P. Ilagan, T. W. Chapp, R. G. Hiller, F. P. Sharples, T. Pol’vka and H. A. Frank. Optical spectroscopic studies of light-harvesting by pigment-reconstituted peridinin-chlorophyll proteins at cryogenic temperatures.  Photosyn. Res. 89 (2006) 5-15.

109.  K. Alcantara, B. Munge, Z. Pendon, H. A. Frank and J. F. Rusling.  Thin film voltammetry of spinach Photosystem II.  Proton-gated electron transfer involving the Mn₄ cluster.  J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 (2006) 14930-14937.

110.  R. P. Ilagan, J. F. Koscielecki, R. G. Hiller, F. P. Sharples, G. N. Gibson, R. R. Birge and H. A. Frank.  Femtosecond time-resolved absorption spectroscopy of main-form and high-salt peridinin-chlorophyll a-proteins at low temperatures.  Biochemistry 45 (2006) 14052-14063.

111.  H. Hashimoto, R. Fujii, K. Yanagi, T. Kusumoto, A. T. Gardiner, R. J. Cogdell, A. W. Roszak, N. W. Issacs, Z. Pendon, D. M. Niedzwiedski, and H. A. Frank.  Structures and functions of carotenoids bound to reaction centers from purple photosynthetic bacteria.  Pure Appl. Chem. 78 (2006) 1505-1518.

112.  R. L. Christensen, M. G. I. Galinato, E. F. Chu, R. Fujii, H. Hashimoto and H. A. Frank.  Symmetry control of radiative decay in linear polyenes: Low barriers for photoisomerization in the S₁ state of hexadecaheptaene.  J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 (2007) 1769-1775.

113.  A. C. Wirtz, M. C. van Hemert, J. Lugtenburg, H. A. Frank, and E. J. J. Groenen.  Two stereoisomers of spheroidene in the Rhodobacter sphaeroides R26 reaction center.  A DFT analysis of resonance Raman spectra.  Biophys. J. 93 (2007) 981-991.

114.  T. Pol’vka, D. Niedzwiedzki, M. Fuciman, V. Sundstršm, and H. A. Frank^.  Role of B800 in carotenoid-bacteriochlorophyll energy and electron transfer in LH2 complexes from the purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides.  J. Phys. Chem. B 111 (2007) 7422-7431.

115.  D. Niedzwiedzki, J. F. Koscielecki, H. Cong, J. O. Sullivan, G. N. Gibson, R. R. Birge and H. A. Frank.  Ultrafast dynamics and excited state spectra of open-chain carotenoids at room and low temperatures.  J. Phys. Chem. B 111 (2007) 5984-5998.

116.  M. G. I. Galinato, D. Niedzwiedzki, C. Deal, R. R. Birge and H. A. Frank.  Cation radicals of xanthophylls.  Photosyn. Res. 94 (2007) 67-78.

117.  H. Cong, D. M. Niedzwiedzki, G. N. Gibson and H. A. Frank.  Ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy of xanthophylls at low temperature.  J. Phys. Chem. B 112 (2008) 3558-3567.

118.  H. Cong, D. M. Niedzwiedzki, G. N. Gibson, A. M. LaFountain, R. M. Kelsh, A. T. Gardiner, R. J. Cogdell and H. A. Frank.  Ultrafast time-resolved carotenoid to-bacteriochlorophyll energy transfer in LH2 complexes from photosynthetic bacteria.  J. Phys. Chem. B 112 (2008) 10689-10703.

119.  N. Chatterjee, D. M. Niedzwiedzki, T. Kajikawa, S. Hasegawa, S. Katsumura, and H. A. Frank.  Effect of ¹-electron conjugation length on the solvent-dependent S₁ lifetime of peridinin.  Chem. Phys. Lett. 463 (2008) 219-224.

120.  R. L. Christensen, M. G. I. Galinato, E. F. Chu, J. N. Howard, R. D. Broene and H. A. Frank.  Energies of low-lying excited states of linear polyenes.  J. Phys. Chem. A. 112 (2008) 12629-12636.

121.  D. M. Niedzwiedzki, D. J. Sandberg, H. Cong, M. N. Sandberg, G. N. Gibson, R. R. Birge and H. A. Frank.  Ultrafast time-resolved absorption spectroscopy of geometric isomers of carotenoids.  Chem. Phys. 357 (2009) 4-16.

122.  N. Chatterjee, D. M. Niedzwiedzki, K. Aoki, T. Kajikawa, S. Katsumura, H. Hashimoto and H. A. Frank.  Effect of structural modifications on the spectroscopic properties and dynamics of the excited states of peridinin.  Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 483 (2009) 146-155.

123.  C. Ryppa, D. Niedzwiedzki, N. L. Morozowich, R. Srikanth, M. Zeller, H. A. Frank, and C. BrŸckner.  Step-wise conversion of two pyrrole moieties of octaethylporphyrin to pyridin-3-ones:  Synthesis, mass spectral and photophysical properties of mono- and bis(oxypyri)porphyrins.  Chem. Eur. J. (2009) in press.

Book Chapters and Reviews

1.      H. A. Frank.  Electron paramagnetic resonance studies of carotenoids,  In Methods in Enzymology Carotenoids, Part A. Chemistry, Separation, Quantitation and Antioxidation. Packer, L. ed., Vol. 213:305-312, Academic Press, New York, 1992.

2.      H. A. Frank.  Carotenoids in photosynthetic bacterial reaction centers:  Structure, Spectroscopy and Photochemistry, In The Photosynthetic Reaction Center.  Vol. 2 Norris, J. R. and Deisenhofer, J. eds., Academic Press, New York, pp. 221-237, 1993.

3.      H. A. Frank.  Book review of Transition Ion Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, by J. R. Pilbrow.  Oxford University Press, New York, 1991.  J. Solid State Chem. 97:5335, 1992.

4.      H. A. Frank and R. J. Cogdell.  Photochemistry and Functions of Carotenoids in Photosynthesis, Ch. 8 in Carotenoids in Photosynthesis, A. Young and G. Britton, eds., Springer-Verlag, London, pp. 252-326, 1993.

5.      H. A. Frank.  Carotenoids in Photosynthesis.  InterAmerican Photochemical Society Newsletter, May 1994.

6.      H. A. Frank and R. L. Christensen.  Singlet Energy Transfer from Carotenoids to Bacteriochlorophylls.  In: Blankenship et al., eds., Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria, Advances in Photosynthesis, Kluwer Academic Publishing, pp. 373-384, 1995.

7.      H. A. Frank and R. J. Cogdell.  Carotenoids in Photosynthesis.  Invited Review. Photochem. Photobiol. 63:257-264, 1996

8.      A. J. Young and H. A. Frank.  Energy transfer reactions involving carotenoids:  Quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence.  J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biology 36 (1996) 3-15.

9.      H. A. Frank, A. J. Young, G. Britton and R. J. Cogdell, eds., The Photochemistry of Carotenoids, Advances in Photosynthesis, Kluwer Academic Publishing, 1999.

10.    H. A. Frank.  Incorporation of carotenoids into reaction center and light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes.  In: H. A. Frank, A. J. Young, G. Britton and R. J. Cogdell, eds., The Photochemistry of Carotenoids, Advances in Photosynthesis, Kluwer Academic Publishing, Ch. 13, pp. 235-244, 1999.

11.    H. A. Frank.  Spectroscopic studies of the low-lying singlet excited electronic states and photochemical properties of carotenoids.  Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 385 (2001) 53-60.

12.    C. A. Tracewell, J. S. Vrettos, J. A. Bautista, H. A. Frank and G. W. Brudvig.  Carotenoid photooxidation in Photosystem II.  Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 385 (2001) 61-69.

13.    R. L. Christensen, E. L. Barney, R. D. Broene and M. G. I. Galinato and H. A. Frank.  Linear Polyenes: Models for the Spectroscopic and Photophysical Behavior of Carotenoids.  Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 430 (2004) 30–36.

14.    H. A. Frank and G. W. Brudvig.  Redox function of carotenoids in photosynthesis.  Biochemistry 43 (2004) 8607-8615.

15.    H. A. Frank.  Book review of Light-harvesting antennas in photosynthesis.  B. R. Green and W. W. Parson, eds. (Series ed. Govindjee) Advances in Photosynthsis, Vol. 13, 513 pp. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 2003. Photosynthesis Research 82 (2004) 109.

16.    B. J. Pogson, H. M. Rissler and H. A. Frank. The roles of carotenoids in energy quenching and thermal dissipation in higher plants.  in: T. Wydrzynski and K. Satoh, eds., Photosystem II:  The Water/Plasoquinone Oxido-Reductase In Photosynthesis, Ch. 21, Vol 22 (2005) pp. 515-537. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

17.    T. Pol’vka,  R. G. Hiller and H. A. Frank.  Spectroscopy of the peridinin–chlorophyll a protein: Insight into light-harvesting strategy of marine algae. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 458 (2007) 111-120.

18.    H. A. Frank.  Book review of Biophysical Techniques in Photosynthesis, Volume II.  T. J. Aartsma and J. Matysik, eds. (Series Editor, Govindjee) Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, Vol. 26, 517 pp. Springer, Dordrecht, 2008.  Photosynthesis Research 96 (2008) 247-8.

19.    H. A. Frank and T. Pol’vka. Energy transfer from carotenoids to bacteriochlorophylls. In: C. N. Hunter, F. Daldal, M. C. Thurnauer and J. T. Beatty, eds., The Purple Phototrophic Bacteria. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, Ch. 12, Vol. 28, (2008) pp. 213-230, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

20.    H. A. Frank and R. L. Christensen.  Excited electronic states and the photochemistry and photophysics of carotenoids. G. Britton, ed. Birkhauser (in press).