HARRY ALAN FRANK

 

Professor of Chemistry

Associate Dean, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences

University of Connecticut, U-3060

55 North Eagleville Road

Storrs, Connecticut  06269-3060
Telephone:  860-486-2844      Fax:  860-486-6558

E-mail:  harry.frank@uconn.edu         Web:  http://chemistry.uconn.edu/frank.htm

 

Publications

 

Full papers

 

1.      R. H. Clarke and H. A. Frank.  Triplet state radiationless transitions in polycyclic hydrocarbons.  J. Chem. Phys., 65:39-47, 1976.

 

2.      R. H. Clarke, R. E. Connors, and H. A. Frank.  Investigations of the structure of the reaction center in photosynthetic bacteria by optical detection of triplet state magnetic resonance.  Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm.71:671-675, 1976.

 

3.      R. H. Clarke, R. E. Connors, H. A. Frank, and J. C. Hoch.  Investigations of the structure of the reaction center in photosynthetic systems by optical detection of triplet state magnetic resonance.  Chem. Phys. Lett., 45:523-528, 1977.

 

4.      R. H. Clarke and H. A. Frank.  An investigation into the effect of metal substitution on the triplet state of chlorophyll by optically detected zero-field magnetic resonance.  Chem. Phys. Lett., 51:13-17, 1977.

 

5.      H. A. Frank, R. Friesner, J. A. Nairn, G. C. Dismukes, and K. Sauer.  The orientation of the primary donor in bacterial photosynthesis.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 547:484-501, 1979.

 

6.      H. A. Frank, J. Bolt, R. Friesner, and K. Sauer.  Magnetophotoselection of the triplet state of reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides R-26.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 547:502-511, 1979.

 

7.      H. A. Frank, M. B. McLean, and K. Sauer.  Triplet states in photosystem I of spinach chloroplasts and subchloroplast particles.  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 76:5124-5128, 1979.

 

8.      H. A. Frank, J. D. Bolt, S. M. De B. Costa, and K. Sauer.  Electron paramagnetic resonance detection of carotenoid triplet states.  J. Am. Chem. Soc., 102:4893-4898, 1980.

 

9.      J. A. Nairn, R. Friesner, H. A. Frank, and K. Sauer.  A new approach to the theory of linear dichroism in partially ordered systems: Application to reaction centers and whole cells of photosynthetic bacteria.  Biophys. J., 32:733-754, 1980.

 

10.    J. McCracken, H. A. Frank, and K. Sauer.  Radical pair interactions in spinach chloroplasts.  Biochim. Biophys.  Acta, 679:156-168, 1982.

 

11.    T. Trosper, H. A. Frank, M. Thurnauer, and J. Norris.  Magnetophotoselection studies on Rhodopseudomonas viridis reaction centers.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 679:44-50, 1982.

 

12.    R. H. Clarke, L. J. Andrews, and H. A. Frank.  Electron paramagnetic resonance of luminescent glasses containing chromium(III).  Chem. Phys. Lett., 85:161-165, 1982.

 

13.    H. A. Frank, J. Machnicki, and M. Felber.  Carotenoid triplet states in photosynthetic bacteria.  Photochem. Photobiol., 35:713-718, 1982.

 

14.    H. A. Frank, W. J. McGann, J. Machnicki, and M. Felber.  Magnetic field effects on the fluorescence of two reaction centerless mutants of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata.  Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 106:1310-1317, 1982.

 

15.    H. A. Frank, J. Machnicki, and R. Friesner.  Energy transfer between the primary donor bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoids in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.  Photochem. Photobiol., 38:451-456, 1983.

 

16.    W. J. McGann and H. A. Frank.  Magnetic field effects on the fluorescence of mutant strains of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 725:178 189, 1983.

 

17.    H. Toriumi, R. A. Weiss, and H. A. Frank.  Electron spin resonance studies of ionic interactions in sulfonated polystyrene: manganese (II) salts.  Macromolecules, 17:2104-2107, 1984.

 

18.    H. A. Frank, J. Machnicki, and P. Toppo.  The orientation of the principle magnetic axes of the carotenoid in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides wild type.  Photochem. Photobiol., 39:429-432, 1984.

 

19.    G. C. Dismukes, H. A. Frank, R. Friesner, and K. Sauer.  Electronic interactions between iron and the bound semiquinones in bacterial photosynthesis: Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of oriented cells of Rhodopseudomonas viridis.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 764:253-271, 1984.

 

20.    W. J. McGann and H. A. Frank.  Magnetophotoselection of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides wild type reaction centers.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 807:101-109, 1985.

 

21.    W. J. McGann and H. A. Frank.  Transient electron spin resonance spectroscopy of the carotenoid triplet state in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides wild type.  Chem. Phys Lett., 121:253-261, 1985.

 

22.    R. A. Weiss, J. J. Fitzgerald, H. A. Frank, and B. W. Chadwick.  Electron spin resonance evidence for specific solvation effects in ionomer solutions. Macromolecules, 19:2085-2087, 1986.

 

23.    H. A. Frank, B. W. Chadwick, S. Taremi, S. Kolaczkowski, and M. Bowman.  Singlet and triplet absorption spectra of carotenoids bound in the reaction centers of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides R-26.  FEBS Lett., 203:157-163, 1986.

 

24.    B. W. Chadwick and H. A. Frank.  Electron-spin resonance studies of carotenoids incorporated into reaction centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26.1.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 851:257-266, 1986.

 

25.    H. A. Frank, B. W. Chadwick, J. J. Oh, D. Gust, T. A. Moore, P. A. Liddell, A. L. Moore, L. R. Makings, and R. J. Cogdell.  Triplet-triplet energy transfer in B800-850 light-harvesting complexes of photosynthetic bacteria and synthetic carotenoporphyrin molecules investigated by electron spin resonance.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 892:253 263, 1987.

 

26.    D. F. Bocian, N. J. Bolt, B. W. Chadwick, and H. A. Frank.  Near-infrared-excitation resonance Raman spectra of bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers.  FEBS Lett., 214:92-96, 1987.

 

27.    B. W. Chadwick, C. Zhang, R. J. Cogdell, and H. A. Frank.  The effects of lithium dodecyl sulfate and sodium borohydride on the absorption spectrum of the B800-850 light harvesting complex from Rhodopseudomonas acidophila 7750. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 893:444-457, 1987.

 

28.    H. A. Frank, S. S. Taremi, and J. R. Knox.  Crystallization and preliminary X-ray and optical spectroscopic characterization of the photochemical reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides strain 2.4.1.  J. Mol. Biol., 198:139-141, 1987.

 

29.    R. J. Cogdell and H. A. Frank.  How carotenoids function in photosynthetic bacteria.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 895:63-79, 1987.

 

30.    B. Robert and H. A. Frank.  A resonance Raman investigation of the effect of lithium dodecyl sulfate on the B800-850 light-harvesting protein of Rhodopseudomonas acidophila 7750.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 934:401-405, 1988.

 

31.    R. J. Donohoe, H. A. Frank, and D. F. Bocian.  Resonance Raman spectra and normal mode descriptions of a bacteriochlorophyll a model complex.  Photochem. Photobiol., 48:531-538, 1988.

 

32.    D. E. Budil, S. S. Taremi, P. Gast, J. R. Norris, and H. A. Frank.  Single crystal electron spin resonance studies of the photochemical reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides wild type strain 2.4.1.  Is. J. Chem., 28:59-66, 1988.

 

33.    H. A. Frank, …. Hansson, and P. Mathis.  Electron paramagnetic resonance and optical changes of the photosystem II reaction center complex produced by low temperature illumination.  Photosynth. Res., 20:279-289, 1989.

 

34.    S. S. Taremi, C. A. Violette, and H. A. Frank.  Transient optical spectroscopy of single crystals of the reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides wild type 2.4.1. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 973:86-92, 1989.

 

35.    H. A. Frank, C. A. Violette, S. S. Taremi, and D. Budil.  Linear dichroism of single crystals of the reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides wild type strain 2.4.1. Photosynth. Res., 21:107-116, 1989.

 

36.    H. A. Frank and C. A. Violette.  Monomeric bacteriochlorophyll is required for triplet energy transfer between the primary donor and the carotenoid in photosynthetic bacterial reaction centers.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 976:222-232, 1989.

 

37.    J. Biggins, N. A. Tanguay, and H. A. Frank.  Electron transfer reactions in Photosystem I following Vitamin K1 depletion by ultra-violet irradiation.  FEBS Lett., 250:271-274, 1989.

 

38.    H. A. Frank.  Potassium borohydride removes the monomeric bacteriochlorophyll and the carotenoid from reaction centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides wild type strain 2.4.1.  Trends in Photochem. Photobiol., 1:1-4, 1990.

 

39.    J. K. Trautman, A. P. Shreve, C. A. Violette, H. A. Frank, T. G. Owens, and A. C. Albrecht.  Femtosecond dynamics of energy transfer in B800-850 light-harvesting complexes of Rhodobacter sphaeroides.  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 87:215-219, 1990.

 

40.    J. M. Peloquin, C. A. Violette, H. A. Frank, and D. F. Bocian.  Temperature dependent conformational changes in the bacteriopheophytins of Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centers.  Biochemistry, 29:4892-4898, 1990.

 

41.    H. A. Frank, M. L. Aldema, P. H. Parot, and R. J. Cogdell.  Absorption and linear dichroism at room and low temperatures of single crystals of the B800-850 light-harvesting complex from Rhodopseudomonas acidophila strain 10050.  Photosynth. Res., 26:93-99, 1990.

 

42.    R. J. Donohoe, R. B. Dyer, B. I. Swanson, C. A. Violette, H. A. Frank, and D. F. Bocian.  Near-infrared-excitation resonance Raman spectra of the primary electron donor in photosynthetic reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides.  J. Am. Chem. Soc., 112:6716-6718, 1990.

 

43.    V. Aust, A. Angerhofer, P. H. Parot, C. A. Violette, and H. A. Frank.  Temperature dependent ADMR on borohydride-treated reaction centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26 from Rhodobacter sphaeroides.  Chem. Phys. Lett., 173:439-442, 1990.

 

44.    H. A. Frank, M. L. Aldema, C. A. Violette, and P. H. Parot.  Low temperature polarized absorption microspectroscopy of single crystals of the reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides wild type strain 2.4.1. Photochem. Photobiol. 54:151-155, 1991.

 

45.    A. P. Shreve, J. K. Trautman, H. A. Frank, T. G. Owens, and A. C. Albrecht.  Femtosecond energy transfer processes in the B800-850 light-harvesting complex of Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1058:280-288, 1991.

 

46.    B. DeCoster, R. L. Christensen, R. Gebhard, J. Lugtenburg, R. Farhoosh, and H. A. Frank.  Low lying electronic states of carotenoids.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1102:107-114, 1992.

 

47.    V. Palaniappan, M. L. Aldema, H. A. Frank and D. F. Bocian.  QY-Excitation resonance Raman scattering from the special pair in Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centers.  Implications for primary charge separation.  Biochemistry 31:11050-11058, 1992.

 

48.    H. J. M. de Groot, R. Gebhard, I. van der Hoef, A. J. Hoff, J. Lugtenburg, C. A. Violette and H. A. Frank.  13C magic angle spinning NMR evidence for a 15-15'-cis configuration of the spheroidene in the Rhodobacter sphaeroides photosynthetic bacterial reaction center.  Biochemistry 31:12446-12450, 1992.

 

49.    H. A. Frank, R. Farhoosh, M. L. Aldema, B. DeCoster, R. L. Christensen, R. Gebhard and J. Lugtenburg.  Carotenoid-to-bacteriochlorophyll singlet energy transfer in carotenoid-incorporated B850 light-harvesting complexes of Rb. sphaeroides R-26.1.  Photochem. Photobiol. 57:49-55, 1993.

 

50.    H. A. Frank, R. Farhoosh, R. Gebhard, J. Lugtenburg, D. Gosztola and M. R. Wasielewski.  The dynamics of the S1 excited states of carotenoids.  Chem. Phys. Lett. 207 (1993) 88-92.

 

51.    H. A. Frank, V. Chynwat, G. Hartwich, M. Meyer, I. Katheder and H. Scheer.  Carotenoid triplet state formation in Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26 reaction centers exchanged with modified-bacteriochlorophyll pigments and reconstituted with spheroidene.  Photosynth. Res. 37 (1993) 193-203.

 

52.    R. E. Connors, D. S. Burns, R. Farhoosh and H. A. Frank.  Computational Studies of the Molecular Structure and Electronic Spectroscopy of Carotenoids.  J. Chem. Phys. 97 (1993) 9351-9355.

 

53.    H. A. Frank, J. Innes, M. Aldema, R. Neumann and Craig Schenck.  Triplet state EPR of reaction centers from the HisL173 ¨ LeuL173 mutant of Rhodobacter sphaeroides which contains a heterodimer primary donor.  Photosynth. Res. 38 (1993) 99-109.

 

54.    V. Palaniappan, P. C. Martin, V. Chynwat, H. A. Frank and D. F. Bocian.  Comprehensive resonance Raman study of photosynthetic reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides.  Implications for pigment structure and pigment-protein interactions.  J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 12035-12049.

 

55.    P. Kok, J. Kšhler, E. J. J. Groenen, R. Gebhard, I. van der Hoef, J. Lugtenburg, A. J. Hoff, R. Farhoosh and H. A. Frank.  Towards a vibrational analysis of spheroidene.  Resonance Raman spectroscopy of 13C-labelled spheroidenes in petroleum ether and in the Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centre.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1185 (1994) 188-192.

 

56.    H. A. Frank, A. Cua, V. Chynwat, A. Young, D. Gosztola and M. Wasielewski.  Photophysics of the carotenoids associated with the xanthophyll cycle in photosynthesis.  Photosynth. Res. 41 (1994) 389-395.

 

57.    R. Farhoosh, V. Chynwat, R. Gebhard, J. Lugtenburg and H. A. Frank.  Triplet energy transfer between bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoids in B850 light-harvesting complexes of Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26.1.  Photosynth. Res. 42 (1994) 157-166.

 

58.    V. Chynwat and H. A. Frank.  The application of the energy gap law to the S1 energies and dynamics of carotenoids.  Chem. Phys. 194 (1995) 237-244

 

59.    A-E. F. Nassar, Z. Zhang, V. Chynwat, H. A. Frank and J. F. Rusling.  Orientation of myoglobin in cast multibilayer membranes of amphiphilic molecules.  J. Phys. Chem. 99 (1995) 11013-11017.

 

60.    H. A. Frank, V. Chynwat, A. Posteraro, G. Hartwich, I. Simonin and H. Scheer.  Triplet state energy transfer between the primary donor and the carotenoid in Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26.1 reaction centers exchanged with modified bacteriochlorophyll pigments and reconstituted with spheroidene.  Photochem. Photobiol. 64 (1996) 823-831.

 

61.    H. A. Frank, A. Cua, V. Chynwat, A. Young, D. Gostzola and M. R. Wasielewski.  The lifetimes and energies of the first excited singlet states of diadinoxanthin and diatoxanthin:  The role of these molecules in excess energy dissipation in algae.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1277 (1996) 243-252.

 

62.    S. M. Rodday, L. T. Do, V. Chynwat, H. A. Frank, and J. Biggins.  Site-directed mutagenesis of the subunit PsaC establishes a surface-exposed domain interacting with the Photosystem I core binding site.  Biochemistry 35 (1996) 11832-11838.

 

63.    P. Kok, J. Kšhler, E. J. J. Groenen, R. Gebhard, I. van der Hoef, J. Lugtenburg, R. Farhoosh and H. A. Frank.  Resonance Raman spectroscopy of 2H-labelled spheroidenes in petroleum ether and in the Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centre.  Spectr. Chim. Acta A. Biomolecular Spectroscopy 53 (1997) 381-392.

 

64.    H. A. Frank, R. Z. B. Desamero, V. Chynwat, R. Gebhard, I. van der Hoef, F. J. Jansen, J. Lugtenburg, D. Gosztola and M. R. Wasielewski.  The spectroscopic properties of spheroidene analogs having different extents of p-electron conjugation.  J. Phys. Chem. 101 (1997) 149-157.

 

65.    K. Czarnecki, J. R. Diers, V. Chynwat, J. P. Erickson, H. A. Frank, and D. F. Bocian.  Characterization of the strongly coupled, low-frequency vibrational modes of the special pair of photosynthetic reaction centers via isotopic labeling of the cofactors.  J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119 (1997) 415-426.

 

66.    K. Czarnecki, V. Chynwat, J. P. Erickson, H. A. Frank, and D. F. Bocian.  Identification of the magnesium-histidine stretching vibration of the bacteriochlorophyll cofactors in photosynthetic reaction centers via 15N-labeling of the histidines.  J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119 (1997) 2594-2595.

 

67.    R. Farhoosh, V. Chynwat, R. Gebhard, J. Lugtenburg and H. A. Frank.  Triplet energy transfer between the primary donor and carotenoids in Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26.1 reaction centers incorporated with spheroidene analogs having different extents of p-electron conjugation.  Photochem. Photobiol. 66 (1997) 97-104.

 

68.    J. A. Bautista, V. Chynwat, A. Cua, F. J. Jansen, J. Lugtenburg, D. Gosztola, M. R. Wasielewski and H. A. Frank.  The spectroscopic and photochemical properties of locked-15,15Õ-cis-spheroidene in solution and incorporated into the reaction center of Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26.1.  Photosyn. Res. 55 (1998) 49-65.

 

69.    P. D. Laible, V. Chynwat, M. C. Thurnauer, M. Schiffer, D. K. Hanson and H. A. Frank.  Protein modifications affecting triplet energy transfer in bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers.  Biophys. J. 74 (1998) 2623-2637.

 

70.    R. Z. B. Desamero, V. Chynwat, I. van der Hoef, F. J. Jansen, J. Lugtenburg, D. Gosztola, M. R. Wasielewski, A. Cua, D. F. Bocian and H. A. Frank.  The mechanism of energy transfer from carotenoids to bacteriochlorophyll:  Light-harvesting by carotenoids having different extents of p-electron conjugation incorporated into the B850 antenna complex from the carotenoidless bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26.1.  J. Phys. Chem. 102 (1998) 8151-8162.

 

71.    J. Kong, Z. Lu, R. Z. B. Desamero, H. A. Frank and J. Rusling. Direct electrochemistry of cofactor redox sites in a bacterial photosynthetic reaction center protein.  J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120 (1998) 7371-7372.

 

72.    K. V. Lakshmi, S. S. Eaton, G. R. Eaton, H. A. Frank and G. W. Brudvig.  Analysis of dipolar and exchange interactions between manganese and tyrosine Z in the S2 Yzá state of acetate-inhibited Photosystem II via EPR spectral simulations at X- and Q-bands.  J. Phys. Chem. 102 (1999) 8327-8335.

 

73.    J. A. Bautista, R. G. Hiller, F. P. Sharples, D. Gosztola, M. Wasielewski and H. A. Frank.  Singlet and Triplet Energy Transfer in the Peridinin-chlorophyll a-protein from Amphidinium carterae.  J. Phys. Chem. A 103 (1999) 2267-2273.

 

74.    J. A. Bautista, R. E. Connors, B. B. Raju, R. G. Hiller, F. P. Sharples, D. Gosztola, M. R. Wasielewski and H. A. Frank. Excited State Properties of Peridinin:  Observation of a Solvent Dependence of the S1 Lifetime and Spectral Behavior Unique among Carotenoids.  J. Phys. Chem. B 103 (1999) 8751-8758.

 

75.    H. A. Frank, J. A. Bautista, J. S. Josue and A. J. Young.  Mechanism of nonphotochemical quenching in green plants:  Energies of the lowest excited singlet states of violaxanthin and zeaxanthin.  Biochemistry  39 (2000) 2831-2837.

 

76.    H. A. Frank, J. A. Bautista, J. Josue, Z. Pendon, R. G. Hiller, F. P. Sharples, D. Gosztola, and M. R. Wasielewski.  Effect of Solvent Environment on the Spectroscopic Properties and Dynamics of the Lowest Excited States of Carotenoids.  J. Phys. Chem. B 104 (2000) 4569-4577.

 

77.    Pol’vka, T., Zigmantas, D., Herek , J. L., Bautista, J.A., Frank, H. A., Sundstršm, V. Direct observation of the S1 level of the carotenoid spheroidene using near infrared femtosecond spectroscopy. In: Ultrafast Phenomena XII (eds. T. Elseasser, S. Mukamel, M. M. Murname, N. F. Scheerer), p. 668, Springer Verlag (2000).

 

78.    H. A. Frank, Somes Kumar Das, J. A. Bautista, D. Bruce, S. Vasil'ev, M. Crimi, R. Croce and R. Bassi.  The photochemical behavior of xanthophylls in the recombinant photosystem II antenna complex, CP26.  Biochemistry 40 (2001) 1220-1225.

 

79.    T. Pol’vka, D. Zigmantas, H. A. Frank, J. A. Bautista, J. L. Herek, Y. Koyama, R. Fujii and V. Sundstršm. Near-infrared time-resolved study of the S1 state dynamics of the carotenoid spheroidene.  J. Phys. Chem. B 105 (2001) 1072-1080.

 

80.    Z. Gao, H. A. Frank, Y. M. Lvov and J. F. Rusling.  Influence of bromide on electrochemistry of photosynthetic reaction center films on gold electrodes.  Bioelectrochemistry 54 (2001) 97 - 100.

 

81.    P. M. Dolan, D. Miller, R. J. Cogdell, R. R. Birge and H. A. Frank.  Linear dichroism and the transition dipole moment orientation of the carotenoid in the LH2 antenna complex in membranes of Rhodopseudomonas acidophila strain 10050.  J. Phys. Chem. B 105 (2001) 12134-12142.

 

82.    B. Munge, Z. Pendon, H. A. Frank and J. F. Rusling.  Electrochemical reactions of redox cofactors in Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction center proteins in lipid films.  Bioelectrochemistry 54 (2001) 145-150.

 

83.    C. Cai, B. Liu, M. V. Mirkin, H. A. Frank and J. F. Rusling.  Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy of Living Cells. 3.  Rhodobacter sphaeroides.  Analytical Chemistry 74 (2002) 114-119.

 

84.    H. A. Frank, J. S. Josue, J. A. Bautista, I. van der Hoef, F. J. Jansen, J. Lugtenburg, G. Wiederrecht, and R. L. Christensen. .Spectroscopic and photochemical properties of open-chain carotenoids.  J. Phys. Chem. B 106 (2002) 2083-2092.

 

85.    J. S. Josue and H. A. Frank.  Direct determination of the S1 excited state energies of xanthophylls by low temperature fluorescence spectroscopy.  J. Phys. Chem. A 106 (2002) 4815-4824.

 

86.    T. Pol’vka, D. Zigmantas, J. L. Herek, Z. He, T. Pullerits, R. J. Cogdell, H. A. Frank and V. Sundstršm.  The carotenoid S1 state in LH2 complexes from purple bacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Rhodopseudomonas acidophila: S1 energies, dynamics, and carotenoid radical formation.  J. Phys. Chem. B 106 (2002) 11016-11025.

 

87.    S. K. Das and H. A. Frank.  Pigment compositions, spectral properties, and energy transfer efficiencies between the xanthophylls and chlorophylls in the major and minor pigment-protein complexes of Photosystem II.  Biochemistry 41 (2002) 13087-13095.

 

88.    A. M. Dokter, M. C. van Hemert, C. M. InÕt Velt, K. van der Hoef, J. Lugtenburg, H. A. Frank and E. J. J. Groenen.  The resonance Raman spectrum of all-trans spheroidene. DFT analysis and isotope labeling. J. Phys. Chem. A 106 (2002) 9463-9469.

 

89.    R. Zeng, J. van Tol, A. Deal, H. A. Frank and D. E. Budil.  Temperature dependence of the primary donor triplet state g-tensor in photosynthetic reaction centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26 observed by transient 240 GHz EPR. J. Phys. Chem. B 107 (2003) 4624-4631.

 

90.    E. Papagiannakis,  S. K. Das,  A. Gall,  I. H. M.  van  Stokkum, B. Robert, R. van Grondelle, H. A. Frank, J. T. M. Kennis.  Light harvesting by carotenoids incorporated into the B850 light-harvesting complex from Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26.1: Excited-state relaxation, ultrafast triplet formation and energy transfer to bacteriochlorophyll.  J. Phys. Chem. B 107 (2003) 5642-5649.

 

91.    S. Shima, R. P. Ilagan, N. Gillespie, B. J. Sommer, R. G. Hiller, F. P. Sharples, H. A. Frank, and R. R. Birge. Two-photon and fluorescence spectroscopy and the effect of environment on the photochemical properties of peridinin in solution and in the peridinin-chlorophyll-protein from Amphidinium carterae. J. Phys. Chem. A 107 (2003) 8052-8066.

 

92.    C. BrŸckner, J. R. McCarthy, H. W. Daniell, Z. D. Pendon, R. P. Ilagan, T. M. Francis, L. Ren, R. R. Birge and H. A. Frank.  A spectroscopic and computational study of the singlet and triplet excited states of synthetic b-functionalized chlorins.  Chem. Phys. 294 (2003) 285–303.

 

93.    B. Munge, S. K. Das, R. Ilagan, Z. Pendon, J. Yang, H. A. Frank, and J. F. Rusling.  Electron Transfer Reactions of Redox Cofactors in Spinach Photosystem I Reaction Center Protein in Lipid Films on Electrodes.  J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 (2003) 12457-12463.

 

94.    R. P. Ilagan, S. Shima, A. Melkozernov, S. Lin, R. E. Blankenship, F. P. Sharples, R. G. Hiller, R. R. Birge, and H. A. Frank. Spectroscopic properties of the main-form and high-salt peridinin-chlorophyll a-proteins from Amphidinium carterae.  Biochemistry 43 (2004) 1478-1487.

 

95.    A. W. Roszak, K. McKendrick, A. T. Gardiner, I. A. Mitchell N. W. Isaacs, R. J. Cogdell, H. Hashimoto and H. A. Frank.  Protein Regulation of Carotenoid Binding:  Gatekeeper and Locking Amino Acid Residues in Reaction Centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides.  Structure 12 (2004) 765-773.

 

96.    D. Zigmantas, R. G. Hiller, F. P. Sharples, H. A. Frank, V. Sundstršm and T. Pol’vka.  Effect of Conjugated Carbonyl Group on Photophysical Properties of Carotenoids.  Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 6 (2004) 3009-3016.

 

97.    A. Haddy, K. V. Lakshmi, G. W. Brudvig and H. A. Frank.  Q-band EPR of the S2 state of Photosystem II confirms an S = 5/2 origin of the X-band g = 4.1 signal.  Biophys. J. 87 (2004) 2885-2896.

 

98.    T. Pol’vka, T. Pullerits, H. A. Frank, R. J. Cogdell and V. Sundstršm.  Ultrafast formation of a carotenoid radical in LH2 antenna complexes of purple bacteria.  J. Phys. Chem. B 108 (2004) 15398-15407.

 

99.    Robielyn P. Ilagan, Ronald L. Christensen, Timothy W. Chapp, George N. Gibson, Torbjšrn Pascher, Tom‡s Pol’vka and Harry A. Frank.  Femtosecond time-resolved absorption spectroscopy of astaxanthin in solution and in a-crustacyanin.  J. Phys. Chem. A 109 (2005) 3120-3127.

 

100.  Zeus D. Pendon, James O. Sullivan, Ineke van der Hoef, Johan Lugtenburg, Agnes Cua, David F. Bocian, Robert R. Birge and Harry A. Frank.  Stereoisomers of carotenoids:  Spectroscopic properties of locked and unlocked cis-isomers of spheroidene. Photosyn. Res. 86 (2005) 5-24.

 

101.  Niels-Ulrik Frigaard, Hui Li, Peter Martinsson, Somes Kumar Das, Harry A. Frank, Thijs J. Aartsma and Donald A Bryant.  Isolation and characterization of carotenosomes from a bacteriochlorophyll c-less mutant of Chlorobium tepidum.  Photosyn. Res. 86 (2005) 101-111.

 

102.  Zeus D. Pendon, George N. Gibson, Ineke van der Hoef, Johan Lugtenburg, and Harry A. Frank.  Effect of isomer geometry on the steady-state absorption spectra and femtosecond time-resolved dynamics of carotenoids. J. Phys. Chem. B 109 (2005) 21172-21179.

 

103.  Dariusz Niedzwiedzki, James F. Rusling and Harry A. Frank.  Voltammetric redox potentials of carotenoids associated with the xanthophyll cycle in photosynthesis.  Chem. Phys. Lett. 415 (2005) 308-312.

 

104.  Kazimierz Czarnecki, Lei Chen, James R. Diers, Harry A. Frank and David F. Bocian. Low-frequency resonance Raman studies of the H(M202)G cavity mutant of bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers. Photosyn. Res. (2005) in press.

 

105.  Zeus D. Pendon, Ineke van der Hoef, Johan Lugtenburg and Harry A. Frank.  Triplet state spectra and dynamics of geometric isomers of carotenoids.  Photosyn. Res. (2005) in press.

 

106.  Jamie Stull, Harry A. Frank and Dariusz Niedzwiedzki.  Mechanism of short-term adaptation of plants to high light stress:  Steady-state and time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy of spinach thylakoids having different xanthophyll pigment composition.  J. Young Investigators (2005) submitted.

 

107.  Su Lin, Evaldas Katilius, Robielyn P. Ilagan, George N. Gibson, Harry A. Frank, Neal W. Woodbury.  Mechanism of carotenoid singlet excited state energy transfer in modified bacterial reaction centers.  J. Phys. Chem. B (2006) submitted.

 

Published Abstracts

 

1.      G. C. Dismukes, H. A. Frank, R. Friesner, and K. Sauer.  Magnetic properties of electron transport cofactors in photosynthetic membranes of Rhodopseudomonas viridis.  Biophys. J., 25:54a, 1979.

 

2.      H. A. Frank, J. Machnicki, and P. Toppo.  Electron spin resonance studies of the orientation of the carotenoids in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides wild type.  Biophys. J., 41:316a, 1983.

 

3.      H. A. Frank and B. W. Chadwick.  Reconstitution of carotenoids into the reaction centers of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides R-26.  Biophys. J., 47:421a, 1985.

 

4.      H. A. Frank and W. J. McGann.  The triplet state spin sublevel dynamics of spheroidene in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides wild type.  Photochem. Photobiol., 41:28, 1985.

 

5.      E. Fujita, J. Fajer, B. W. Chadwick, H. A. Frank, D. Simpson, and K. M. Smith.  Chlorinated chlorophylls:  Components of green plant reaction centers.  Biophys. J., 49:483a, 1986.

 

6.      H. A. Frank, B. W. Chadwick, C. Zhang, R. J. Cogdell, D. Gust, P. A. Liddell, and T. A. Moore.  Triplet-triplet energy transfer in light harvesting complexes of photosynthetic bacteria and synthetic carotenoporphyrin molecules.  Biophys. J., 49:488a, 1986.

 

7.      H. A. Frank, S. S. Taremi, D. E. Budil, P. Gast, and J. R. Norris.  Single crystal electron spin resonance studies of the reaction center protein from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides wild type strain 2.4.1.  Biophys. J., 53:65a, 1988.

 

8.      H. A. Frank, K. Connell, and C. A. Violette.  Accessory bacteriochlorophyll is required for triplet energy transfer between the primary donor and the carotenoid in photosynthetic bacterial reaction centers.  Biophys. J., 55:222a, 1989.

 

9.      C.-F. Zhang, C. A. Violette, H. A. Frank, and R. R. Birge.  Electronic states of isolated and reaction center-bound carotenoids.  Biophys. J., 55:223a, 1989.

 

10.    H. de Groot, R. Gebhard, K. van der Hoef, J. Lugtenburg, C. A. Violette, and H. A. Frank.  The structure of the carotenoid in reaction centers of photosynthetic bacteria: A solid-state magic-angle sample spinning  NMR investigation of spheroidene reconstituted into Rhodobacter sphaeroides R26. Biophys. J., 57:567a, 1990.

 

11.    H. A. Frank.  How carotenoids function in photosynthetic bacteria.  Photochem. Photobiol. 53:62-63S, 1991.

 

12.    H. A. Frank and R. Farhoosh.  Singlet and triplet energy transfer between carotenoids and bacteriochlorophyll in antenna and reaction center photosynthetic bacterial pigment-protein complexes.  Photochem. Photobiol. 55:11-12S, 1992.

 

13.    H. A. Frank, R. Farhoosh, R. L. Christensen, B. DeCoster, R. Gebhard and J. Lugtenburg.  Light-harvesting by carotenoids having different extents of p-electron conjugation.  Biophys. J. 64:A216, 1993.

 

14.    H. A. Frank, V. Chynwat, A. Posteraro, G. Hartwich, M. Meyer, I. Katheder and H. Scheer.  The dynamics of carotenoid triplet state formation in Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centers.  Biophys. J. 70:A357, 1996.

 

15.    H. A. Frank, O. Kievit, G. W. Brudvig, J. Kong, Z. Lu, Y. M. Lvov, J. A. Bautista and J. F. Rusling.  Direct electrochemistry of redox sites in photosynthetic reaction centers.  Biophys. J. 76:A256, 1999.

 

16.    H. A. Frank and S. K. Das.  Energy transfer between xanthophylls and chlorophylls in LHCII, CP24, CP26 and CP29 complexes of higher plants.  Biophys. J. 80:428a, 2001.

 

17.    H. A. Frank and S. K. Das. Spectral and photochemical properties of xanthophylls and chlorophylls in light-harvesting complexes of Photosystem II.  Biophys. J. 82:294a, 2002.

 

18.    A. Haddy, K. V. Lakshmi, G. W. Brudvig and H. A. Frank.  Q-band EPR studies supporting an S=5/2 origin of the Òg=4.1Ó signal from the S2 state of the oxygen evolving complex of photosystem II.  Biophys. J. 86:12a, 2004..

 

19.    H. A. Frank, Z. D. Pendon, A. Cua, D. F. Bocian, I. van der Hoef, J. Lugtenburg.  Optical spectroscopic studies of natural and synthetic geometric isomers of spheroidene.  Biophys. J. 86:147a, 2004.

 

20.    H. A. Frank, R.P. Ilagan, T.W. Chapp, R. G. Hiller, F. P. Sharples, T. Polivka. Spectroscopic studies of native and recombinant pigment-reconstituted constructs of peridinin-chlorophyll a-protein from Amphidinium carterae. Biophys. J.  88:509a, 2005.

 

Conference Abstracts

 

1.      K. V. Lakshmi, S. S. Eaton, G. R. Eaton, H. A. Frank and G. W. Brudvig.  Multi-frequency EPR analysis of dipolar and exchange interactions between manganese and tyrosine in the S2 Yzá state of Photosystem II.  Rocky Mountain EPR Symposium, Denver, CO, 1998.

 

2.      K. V. Lakshmi, S. S. Eaton, G. R. Eaton, H. A. Frank and G. W. Brudvig.  Multi-frequency EPR analysis of the S2 Yzá state of Photosystem II.  American Chemical Society Meeting, Boston, MA, 1998.

 

3.      J. A. Bautista, K. Atticks, R. Hiller, F. Sharples, D. Gosztola, M. Wasielewski and H. A. Frank. Singlet and triplet energy transfer from peridinin to chlorophyll in the peridinin-chlorophyll a-protein from Amphidinium carterae. American Chemical Society Meeting, Boston, MA, 1998.  American Chemical Society Meeting, Boston, MA, 1998.

 

4.      B. Munge, Z. Pendon, H. A. Frank, and J. F. Rusling.  Electrochemical reactions of redox cofactors in Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction center proteins in lipid films. Pittconn, New Orleans, March, 2002.

 

5.      J. Rusling, K. Alcantara, Z. Pendon and H. A. Frank.  Chemically gated electron transfer in thin-film voltammetry of the manganese cluster within spinach Photosystem II. 207th Meeting of The Electrochemical Society, Quebec City, Canada. May, 2005.

 

6.      Krisna Alcantara, Bernard Munge, Zeus Pendon, Harry A. Frank and James F. Rusling.  Proton-gated electron transfer involving the Mn4 cluster of the Photosystem II Reaction Center Protein from Spinach.  Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Denver, CO. May, 2006.

 

Published meeting proceedings

 

1.      H. A. Frank and W. J. McGann.  Magnetic field effects on the fluorescence of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata.  in C. Sybesma, editor, Advances in Photosynthesis Research, I:53-56, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1983.

 

2.      R. E. Blankenship, K. J. Mancino, R. Feick, R. C. Fuller, J. Machnicki, H. A. Frank, C. Kirmaier, and D. Holten.  Primary photochemistry and pigment composition of reaction centers isolated from the green photosynthetic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus.  in C. Sybesma, editor, Advances in Photosynthesis Research, I:203-206, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1983.

 

3.      M. R. Wasielewski, D. M. Tiede, and H. A. Frank.  Ultrafast electron and energy transfer in reaction center and antenna proteins from photosynthetic bacteria.  in V. A. R. Siegman, editor, Ultrafast phenomena, I:388-392, Springer-Verlag, 1986.

 

4.      H. A. Frank, B. W. Chadwick, C. Zhang, J. J. Oh, D. Gust, P. A. Liddell, T. A. Moore, and R. J. Cogdell.  Triplet energy transfer between photosynthetic pigments: An electron spin resonance study of B800-850 light harvesting complexes and synthetic carotenoporphyrin molecules.  in J. Biggins, editor, Progress in Photosynthesis Research, I1:37-40, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1987.

 

5.      J. Fajer, E. Fujita, H. A. Frank, B. Chadwick, D. Simpson, and K. M. Smith.  Are chlorinated chlorophylls components of photosystem I reaction centers?.  in J. Biggins, editor, Progress in Photosynthesis Research, I3:307-310, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1987.

 

6.      B. W. Chadwick, H. A. Frank, C. Zhang, S. S. Taremi, and R. J. Cogdell.  Singlet energy transfer in photosynthetic bacteria: Absorption and fluorescence excitation of B800-85 complexes.  in J. Biggins, editor, Progress in Photosynthesis Research, I4:431-434, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1987.

 

7.      H. A. Frank, S. S. Taremi, J. R. Knox, and W. MŠntele.  Single crystals of the photochemical reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides wild type strain 2.4.1 analyzed by polarized light.  in J. Breton and A. Vermeglio, editors, The Photosynthetic Bacterial Reaction Center, 149:27-32, Plenum, New York, 1988.  NATO ASI Series A: Life Sciences.

 

8.      B. Robert and H. A. Frank.  Effect of lithium dodecyl sulfate on B800-850 antenna complexes from Rhodopseudomonas acidophila 7750 : A resonance Raman study.  in H. Scheer and S. Schneider, editors, Photosynthetic Light-Harvesting Systems, I:349 353, Walter de Gruyter & Co., 1988.

 

9.      J. Biggins, N. A. Tanguay, and H. A. Frank.  Functional role of phylloquinone on the acceptor side of Photosystem I.  in M. Baltscheffsky, editor, Progress in Photosynthesis Research, II.7:639-642, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1990.

 

10.    H. A. Frank and C. A. Violette.  Bacteriochlorophyll-to-carotenoid triplet-triplet energy transfer in photosynthetic bacterial reaction centers.  in M. Baltscheffsky, editor, Progress in Photosynthesis Research, I.1:105-108, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1990.

 

11.    R. Gebhard, K. van der Hoef, C. A. Violette, H. J. M. de Groot, H. A. Frank, and J. Lugtenburg.   MAS NMR evidence for a 15,15'-Z configuration of the spheroidene chromophore in the Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction center:.  Pure & Appl. Chem., 63:115-122, 1991.

 

12.    H. A. Frank, C. A. Violette, J. K. Trautman, A. P. Shreve, T. G. Owens, and A. C. Albrecht.  Carotenoids in photosynthesis: Structure and photochemistry.  Pure & Appl. Chem., 63:109-114, 1991.

 

13.    A. P. Shreve, J. K. Trautman, H. A. Frank, T. G. Owens, J. B. van Beek and A. C. Albrecht.  On subpicosecond excitation energy transfer in light harvesting complexes (LHC):  the B800-850 LHC of Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1.  J. Luminescence 53: 179-186, 1992.

 

14.    H. A. Frank and M. L. Aldema.  Correlation between the polarized light absorption and the X-ray structure of single crystals of the reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26.  in J. Breton and A. Vermeglio, editors, The Photosynthetic Bacterial Reaction Center II, 237:13-20, Plenum, New York, 1992.  NATO ASI Series A: Life Sciences.

 

15.    H. A. Frank, R. Farhoosh, B. DeCoster and R. L. Christensen.  Molecular features that control the efficiency of carotenoid-to-chlorophyll energy transfer in photosynthesis.  Proc. Int. Cong. Photosynthesis, Nagoya, Japan 1:125-128, 1992.

 

16.    H. A. Frank.  Physical and chemical properties of carotenoids.  in Carotenoids in Human Health, N. Krinsky, ed., Ann. NY Acad. Sciences 691: 1-9. 1993.

 

17.    H. A. Frank, A. Cua, V. Chynwat, A. J. Young, Y. Zhu and R. E. Blankenship.  Quenching of chlorophyll excited states by carotenoids.  in Photosynthesis: from Light to Biosphere, P. Mathis, ed. Vol. IV, pp. 3-7, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 1995.

 

18.    H. A. Frank.  Structural determinations and spectroscopic studies of carotenoids reveal the factors important in controlling their function in biological systems.  European J. Clinical Nutrition 50: S13-S16, 1996.

 

19.    K. Czarnecki, J. R. Diers, V. Chynwat, J. P. Erickson, H. A. Frank, and D. F. Bocian.  Low-frequency near-infrared-excitation resonance Raman spectra of isotopically labeled bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers.  Proceedings of the XVth International Conference on Raman Spectroscopy, Ed. S. A. Asher, John Wiley & Sons, 1996.

 

20.    A. J. Young, D. Phillip, A. V. Rubin, P. Horton, H. A. Frank.  The xanthophyll cycle and carotenoid-mediated dissipation of excess excitation energy in photosynthesis. Pure & Appl. Chem. 69:2125-2130, 1997.

 

21.    H. A. Frank, V. Chynwat, R. Z. B. Desamero, R. Farhoosh, J. Erickson and J. Bautista.  On the photophysics and photochemical properties of carotenoids and their role as light-harvesting pigments in photosynthesis. Pure & Appl. Chem. 69:2117-2124, 1997.

 

22.    H. A. Frank, J. A. Bautista, D. Gosztola and M. R. Wasielewski.  The effect of solvent on the lifetime of the lowest excited singlet S1 (21Ag) state of spheroidene. in Photosynthesis: Mechanisms and Effects, G. Garab, ed. Vol. I, pp. 473-476, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 1998.

 

23.    H. A. Frank, J. T. Landrum.  Highlight issue on carotenoids - Introduction. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 430 (2004) 1.