Organic,
Polymer, and Electroanalytical Chemistry
Heterocyclic
Synthesis: Primarily we work on new
ways to close five membered heterocyclic aromatics such
as thiophene, furan, and pyrrole and ways to easily
derivatize these systems. We have been very involved
with fused five membered heterocyclics and understanding
their electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution chemistries
and the incorporation of these fused five membered heterocycles
into large conjugated macrocycles. Being a challenging
area of Organic chemistry, graduate students learn how
to perform difficult syntheses, purifications of oxidatively
unstable compounds, and structural characterization
involving advanced NMR techniques. Most of these
compounds are utilized as monomers for the projects
described below.
Polymer Synthesis:
Polymer syntheses range from the classical polymerization
techniques such as ring opening polymerization, free
radical, and condensation polymerizations to more recently
reported techniques such as ring opening metathesis
polymerization (ROMP) using well defined homogenous
catalysts, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP),
and sophisticated electro and optical crosslinking methods.
Optically
Transparent Conductive Polymers: The
goal of this program is to develop new organic polymers
having very low band gaps that are processable in common
organic solvents and water. These materials are
under development for the incorporation into display-based
technologies.
Nanofibers:
The goal of this program is to continue the development
of new materials to be electrostatically spun in order
to generate fibers that change color. These materials
are to be incorporated into wearable and flexible displays.
Furthermore, they are to be utilized as high surface
area chemosensors for an electronic nose.
Nanolithography:
Here, the goal is to rapidly generate nano-objects and
nanopatterns of conjugated polymers and to study their
electrical and electro-optic properties. For direct-write
technology, we utilize electrochemical atomic force
microscopy (EC-AFM) to generate ca. 50 nm width lines
of conjugated polymer. We also utilize nanoimprint,
a.k.a. nanoembossing, as a procedure to rapidly generate
nanopatterns of conjugated polymer over large areas.
One objective of this program is to generate and study
quantum confined organic semiconductors and try to gain
an understanding of their properties.
Selected
Publications:
Jang,
S.-Y.; Marquez, M.; Sotzing, G. A. “Poly(thiophene)s
Prepared via Electrochemical Solid-state Oxidative Crosslinking
(SOC), A Comparative Study.” Macromolecules
2004, 37(12), 4351-4359.
Jang,
S.-Y.; Marquez, M.; Sotzing, G. A. “Oxidative Solid-State
Crosslinking of Polymer Precursors to Pattern Intrinsically
Conducting Polymers” ACS Symp. Series 2004,
874, 44-53.
Jang,
S.-Y.; Marquez, M.; Sotzing, G. A. “Rapid Direct Nanowriting
of Conductive Polymer via Electrochemical Oxidative
Nanolithography” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004,
126, 9476-9477.
Seshadri, V.; Selampinar,
F.; Sotzing, G. A. “Five membered heterocycles containing
S, Te and Se” Book Chapter in Progress in Heterocyclic
Chemistry 2004, Gribble, G. W. and Joule,
J. Ed.,16, 98-127.
Seshadri,V.; Sotzing, G. A. “Polymerization of Two Unsymmetrical
Isomeric Monomers Based on Thieno[3,4-b]thiophene
Containing Cyanovinylene Spacers”
Chemistry of Materials 2004, 16(26),
5644-5649.
Draper, R. S.; Wood, M. V.; Radmard, B.; Mahmud, K.;
Schuler, P.; Sotzing, G. A.; Seshadri, V.; Mino, W.;
Padilla, J.; Otero, T. F. "Electrochromic Variable Transmission
Optical Combiner" SPIE Proc, 2005, 5801-5811.
Seshadri, V.; Sotzing, G. A.”Progress in Transparent
Conducting Polymers” Book chapter in Organic
photovoltaics (A CRC Press) 2005, Sun,
Sam-Shajing and
Sariciftci,
Niyazi Serdar Ed.,
495-527.
Lee,
B.; Seshadri, V.; Sotzing, G. A. “Ring Sulfonated Polythiophene
(SPoT)” Adv. Mater. 2005, in
press.
Lee, B.; Seshadri, V.; Sotzing, G. A. “Water Dispersible
Low Band Gap Conductive Polymer Based on Thieno[3,4-b]thiophene”
Synthetic Metals 2005, in press.
Jang, S.; Marquez, M.; Sotzing, G. A. “Patterning of
Conducting Polymers using Nanoelectrochemistry”
Synthetic Metals 2005, in press.
Jang,
S-Y; Seshadri, V.; Khil, M-S; Kumar, A.; Marquez, M.;
Mather, P.; Sotzing, G. A. “Welded Electrochromic Conductive
Nanofibers by Electrostatic Spinning” Adv. Mater.,
2005, accepted.
Lee, B.; Seshadri, V.; Sotzing, G. A. “Poly(thieno[3,4-b]thiophene)-Poly(styrene
sulfonate): A Low Band Gap, Water Dispersible Conjugated
Polymer” Langmuir 2005, submitted for
publication.
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